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Enrique Richard
Joshua Culcay
José Chamba
William Granizo
Frank Vinces

Invasive alien species pose a significant threat to biodiversity, ecosystem services, and human health by disrupting ecological balances and compromising the One Health approach and the exposome. Among these risks, an invasive plant stands out whose seeds contain ricin, a highly potent toxin capable of causing lethal effects even at extremely low doses. This danger is exacerbated by ricin's historical use as a bioterrorism agent and a weapon with potential military applications. This study is based on a comprehensive review of the scientific literature, aimed at analyzing human exposure to ricin and linking these findings to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the One Health approach, and the exposome concept. The high density of this species in urban and suburban environments, its continuous production of toxic seeds, and the absence of a known specific antidote justify its classification as a high-risk threat to public health. Furthermore, the widespread lack of awareness about this invasive species among the population increases the likelihood of accidental or intentional poisonings in both humans and animals. In this context, it is a priority to implement surveillance strategies, as well as education and awareness programs at the community, educational, and institutional levels, in order to reduce the risks associated with ricin exposure and strengthen the prevention of adverse public health events from a comprehensive and intersectoral perspective.

Las especies exóticas invasoras constituyen una amenaza significativa para la biodiversidad, los servicios ecosistémicos y la salud humana, al alterar los equilibrios ecológicos y comprometer el enfoque de Una Salud y el exposoma. Entre estos riesgos destaca una planta invasora cuyas semillas contienen ricina, una toxina altamente potente capaz de provocar efectos letales incluso a dosis extremadamente bajas. Este peligro se ve agravado por el antecedente histórico de la ricina como agente de bioterrorismo y arma con potencial uso militar. El presente estudio se fundamenta en una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura científica, orientada a analizar la exposición humana a la ricina y a vincular estos hallazgos con los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS), el enfoque de Una Salud y el concepto de exposoma. La elevada densidad de esta especie en entornos urbanos y suburbanos, su continua producción de semillas tóxicas y la ausencia de un antídoto específico conocido justifican su clasificación como una amenaza de alto riesgo para la salud pública. Asimismo, el desconocimiento generalizado de esta especie invasora por parte de la población incrementa la probabilidad de intoxicaciones accidentales o intencionales, tanto en humanos como en animales. En este contexto, resulta prioritario implementar estrategias de vigilancia, así como programas de educación y concientización a nivel comunitario, educativo e institucional, con el fin de reducir los riesgos asociados a la exposición a la ricina y fortalecer la prevención de eventos adversos en salud pública desde una perspectiva integral e intersectorial.

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Richard , E. ., Culcay , J. ., Chamba , J. ., Granizo , W. ., & Vinces , F. . (2026). Castor bean risks in Portoviejo: Health and environmental toxicity. A narrative review. Revista Vive, 9(25), 176–202. https://doi.org/10.33996/revistavive.v9i25.465
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INVESTIGACIONES
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