Ictericia y Oxitocina según factores clínicos, maternos y neonatales. Diseño correlacional
Jaundice and Oxytocin According to Clinical, Maternal, and Neonatal Factors. Correlational DesignContenido principal del artículo
Introducción: La ictericia neonatal es una causa frecuente de hospitalización, cerca del 59% de los neonatos a término en el servicio de Neonatología del Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal, Lima - Perú, por lo que es un tema de prioridad en Perú. Objetivo: Determinar la validez de los modelos de regresión comparado con la de redes neuronales para evaluar la relación entre el uso de oxitocina y la presencia de ictericia en recién nacidos. Materiales y método: El estudio es enfoque cuantitativo, tipo observacional, transversal y retrospectivo, utilizando el diseño de casos y controles. La muestra consistió en 22 neonatos del Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal durante el año 2020. Se realizó análisis bivariado entre el uso de oxitocina, ictericia neonatal y variables independientes de gestantes y recién nacidos. Resultados: No existe relación entre sexo y la ictericia neonatal (p=0.566). Se encontró asociación significativa entre uso de oxitocina e ictericia neonatal (p=0.050) al 90% de confianza, representando un riesgo con OR=10.52 (IC 95%: 1.52-72.8). Todo esto está en concordancia con la validez del modelo de Hosmer-Lemeshow (chi²=9.73, p=0.284 y pseudo R² nulo). Asimismo, clasifica los casos de ictericia con un porcentaje global de 66.3% con los datos utilizados considerando el factor edad de la madre. Conclusiones: El peso al nacer y el uso de oxitocina se consideran factores de riesgo para la aparición de ictericia neonatal. La curva de prevalencia pronostica que para madres mayores de 40 años la probabilidad de ocurrencia de ictericia neonatal es mayor a 34%.
Introduction: Neonatal jaundice is a common cause of hospitalization, affecting approximately 59% of full-term newborns in the Neonatology Service of the National Maternal and Perinatal Institute, Lima, Peru. Therefore, it is a priority issue in Peru. Objective: To determine the validity of regression models compared to neural network models to evaluate the relationship between oxytocin use and the presence of jaundice in newborns. Materials and methods: This study is a quantitative, observational, cross-sectional, and retrospective approach, using a case-control design. The sample consisted of 22 newborns from the National Maternal and Perinatal Institute during 2020. A bivariate analysis was performed between oxytocin use, neonatal jaundice, and independent variables for pregnant women and newborns. Results: There was no relationship between sex and neonatal jaundice (p=0.566). A significant association was found between oxytocin use and neonatal jaundice (p=0.050) at the 90% confidence level, representing a risk of OR=10.52 (95% CI: 1.52-72.8). This is consistent with the validity of the Hosmer-Lemeshow model (chi²=9.73, p=0.284, and null pseudo R²). Furthermore, the model classifies jaundice cases with an overall percentage of 66.3%, considering maternal age. Conclusions: Birth weight and oxytocin use are considered risk factors for the development of neonatal jaundice. The prevalence curve predicts that for mothers over 40 years of age, the probability of neonatal jaundice is greater than 34%.
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