Telemedicina aplicada a la atención prehospitalaria mediante integración tecnológica para la respuesta en emergencias
Telemedicine applied to prehospital care through technological integration for emergency responseContenido principal del artículo
La telemedicina ha emergido como una herramienta estratégica en la atención médica prehospitalaria, permitiendo extender las capacidades clínicas más allá del entorno hospitalario convencional. Su aplicación en escenarios de emergencia facilita la evaluación remota del paciente, el soporte clínico en tiempo real y la toma de decisiones basadas en parámetros fisiológicos transmitidos de forma continua. Esta modalidad tecnológica ha demostrado ser efectiva en la reducción de tiempos de respuesta, la mejora en la coordinación interinstitucional y la optimización del abordaje terapéutico durante el traslado sanitario. La metodología consistió en una revisión integradora de literatura científica sobre telemedicina en atención prehospitalaria, siguiendo los lineamientos PRISMA 2020. Se analizaron 50 estudios seleccionados de bases como PubMed, Scopus, SciELO, Redalyc y Google Scholar, publicados entre 2018 y 2024, priorizando investigaciones en inglés y español, revisadas por pares. Los resultados muestran que la telemedicina contribuye significativamente a mejorar la atención prehospitalaria, especialmente en emergencias tiempo-dependientes como infartos o accidentes cerebrovasculares, al reducir los tiempos de respuesta y facilitar decisiones clínicas más oportunas. En el contexto local de Cuenca, los profesionales de emergencias manifestaron alta disposición a incorporar la telemedicina, pero señalaron deficiencias en equipamiento, capacitación técnica y protocolos estandarizados.
Telemedicine has emerged as a strategic tool in pre-hospital healthcare, allowing clinical capabilities to be extended beyond the conventional hospital setting. Its application in emergency scenarios facilitates remote patient assessment, real-time clinical support, and decision-making based on continuously transmitted physiological parameters. This technological modality has proven to be effective in reducing response times, improving inter-institutional coordination and optimizing the therapeutic approach during medical transport. The methodology consisted of an integrative review of scientific literature on telemedicine in prehospital care, following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. 50 studies selected from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, SciELO, Redalyc and Google Scholar, published between 2018 and 2024, were analyzed, prioritizing peer-reviewed research in English and Spanish. The results show that telemedicine contributes significantly to improving pre-hospital care, especially in time-dependent emergencies such as heart attacks or strokes, by reducing response times and facilitating more timely clinical decisions. In the local context of Cuenca, emergency professionals expressed a high willingness to incorporate telemedicine, but pointed out deficiencies in equipment, technical training, and standardized protocols.
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