Microplásticos y su incidencia en la salud materna y fetal
Microplastics and their impacto n maternal and fetal healthBarra lateral del artículo
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Los microplásticos (MP) se han convertido en una fuente de contaminación importante para el ambiente y consecuentemente para el ser humano. Estos polímeros están presentes en el día a día de todos, desde el agua que bebemos hasta los alimentos que ingerimos. Sin embargo, la información sobre los posibles efectos de los MP en la salud humana es limitada, sobre todo en relación a poblaciones consideradas vulnerable como lo son las mujeres embarazadas, lo que supondría un alto riesgo para el feto. El objetivo de este estudio se centró en investigar la incidencia de los MP en la salud materna y fetal. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de artículos científicos en Google Scholar. Los resultados se enfocaron en el impacto que tienen los MP en la salud fetal y en la salud materna por separado, complementariamente se tomó en cuenta ensayos realizados en animales de laboratorio. La información obtenida muestra la presencia de MP en componentes humanos maternos como líquido amniótico, endometrio y placenta. La exposición a MP puso en evidencia un riesgo tanto para las gestantes, las cuales desarrollaron alteraciones a nivel metabólico, celular, endocrino y cardiovascular, como para los fetos. En estos, se determinó que los MP hallados en el hígado, riñones, corazón y cerebro, desencadenan en trastornos metabólicos, toxicidad sistémica, restricción del crecimiento fetal y alteraciones a nivel neurológico.
Microplastics (MP) have become a significant source of environmental pollution and consequently affect human beings. These polymers are present in everyday life, from the water we drink to the food we consume. However, information about the potential effects of MP on human health is limited, especially regarding vulnerable populations, such as pregnant women, which could pose a high risk to the fetus. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of MP on maternal and fetal health. A literature review of scientific articles on Google Scholar was conducted. Gray literature and duplicate articles were excluded. The results focused on the impact of MP on fetal health and maternal health separately, and additionally considered studies conducted on laboratory animals. The information obtained shows the presence of MP in maternal human components such as amniotic fluid, endometrium, and placenta, even when samples had no exogenous contact, in operating rooms or laboratories. MP exposure revealed a risk for pregnant women, who developed metabolic, cellular, endocrine, and cardiovascular alterations, as well as for fetuses. In fetuses, MPs found in the liver, kidneys, heart, and brain were associated with metabolic disorders, systemic toxicity, fetal growth restriction, and neurological alterations.
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