Técnicas e instrumentos para evaluar el Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA): una revisión sistemática
Techniques and instruments to evaluate the Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): a systematic reviewBarra lateral del artículo
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El Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) es un trastorno del desarrollo neurológico que afecta la comunicación, la interacción social y se caracteriza por comportamientos repetitivos y patrones de interés restringidos. Objetivo. Identificar artículos que analicen el desarrollo o la adaptación de técnicas e instrumentos de evaluación y diagnóstico del TEA en niños y/o adolescentes. Metodología. Se consultaron cuatro bases de datos (Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science y ProQuest). En total, se registraron 30 artículos provenientes de diferentes regiones. Resultados. El instrumento más mencionado se denomina refuerzos positivos, utilizado en 10 investigaciones. Le siguen el ABII/ABII-PQ con 11 investigaciones y el Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS-2), que aparece en 6 estudios. Otros instrumentos reconocidos incluyen la Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R), utilizada en 1 investigación, y la Chandigarh Autism Screening Instrument (CASI), también en 1 estudio. Además, se destacan herramientas como el Social Responsibility Scale (SRS) y el Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL), entre otros. Conclusión. Los instrumentos convencionales tienden a refinarse y adaptarse mejor a los contextos locales, mientras que los tecnológicos podrían permitir un diagnóstico más preciso y temprano del TEA en niños
The Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurological developmental disorder that affects communication, social interaction, and is characterized by repetitive behaviors and restricted patterns of interest. Objective. To identify articles that analyze the development or adaptation of assessment and diagnostic techniques and instruments for ASD in children and/or adolescents. Methodology. To achieve this, four databases were consulted (Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and ProQuest). A total of 30 articles from different regions were recorded. Results. The most mentioned instrument is called positive reinforcements, used in 10 studies. Following this, the ABII/ABII-PQ appears in 11 studies, and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS-2) is found in 6 studies. Other recognized instruments include the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R), used in 1 study, and the Chandigarh Autism Screening Instrument (CASI), also in 1 study. Additionally, tools such as the Social Responsibility Scale (SRS) and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) are highlighted among others. Conclusion. The conventional instruments tend to be refined and better adapted to local contexts, while technological ones could allow for a more accurate and early diagnosis of ASD in children
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