Percepción del bienestar psicológico y los factores asociados en pacientes candidatos a cirugía bariátrica
Perception of psychological well-being and associated factors in patients candidates for bariatric surgeryContenido principal del artículo
Desde 1990, la obesidad se ha más que duplicado entre los adultos y se ha cuadruplicado entre niños y adolescentes. Objetivo: Determinar cómo se percibe el bienestar psicológico y los factores asociados en pacientes candidatos a cirugía bariátrica. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, no experimental, tipo descriptivo correlacional, con una muestra de 213 pacientes. Resultados: La investigación revela que una proporción significativa de los pacientes candidatos a cirugía bariátrica experimenta un bienestar psicológico negativo, con una mayor prevalencia entre las mujeres. Se encontró una asociación importante entre el bienestar psicológico, la comorbilidad y los grados de obesidad y destaca que la Diabetes y la Hipertensión afectan negativamente la salud mental, especialmente en pacientes jóvenes y aquellos con obesidad grado I. Estos hallazgos subrayan la necesidad de estrategias integrales de evaluación y tratamiento psicológico. Conclusiones: La investigación indica que la cirugía bariátrica es más solicitada por mujeres de 28 a 38 años. Además, el bienestar psicológico es alarmante, ya que el 50.7% reporta un estado negativo y el 52.1% percibe su situación emocional como desfavorable, junto con altos niveles de ansiedad, depresión y conductas alimentarias negativas
Since 1990, obesity has more than doubled among adults and quadrupled among children and adolescents. Objective: Determine how psychological well-being and associated factors are perceived in patients who are candidates for bariatric surgery. Materials and methods: A quantitative, non-experimental, descriptive correlational study was carried out with a sample of 213 patients. Results: The research reveals that a significant proportion of patients who are candidates for bariatric surgery experience negative psychological well-being, with a higher prevalence among women. An important association was found between psychological well-being, comorbidity and degrees of obesity and highlights that Diabetes and Hypertension negatively affect mental health, especially in young patients and those with grade I obesity. These findings underline the need for comprehensive strategies psychological evaluation and treatment. Conclusions: Research indicates that bariatric surgery is most requested by women between 28 and 38 years old. Furthermore, psychological well-being is alarming, since 50.7% report a negative state and 52.1% perceive their emotional situation as unfavorable, along with high levels of anxiety, depression and negative eating behaviors
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