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Paulina Verónica Culqui Gaibor
Katiuska Figueredo Villa
José Enrique Bombón Chico

La artrosis de rodilla grado 1 es un problema frecuente a escala mundial. La fisioterapia se presenta como una alternativa prometedora para el tratamiento conservador de esta patología, ya que reduce eficazmente la artralgia. Objetivo. Describir la eficacia de los ejercicios terapéuticos para aliviar el dolor en la artrosis de rodilla grado I. Metodología. Se trata de una revisión sistemática, que abarcó una búsqueda exhaustiva en varias bases de datos como Pubmed, Scielo y Elsevier. Los criterios de búsqueda incluyeron ensayos de control aleatorios, experimentales y cuasiexperimentales realizados entre los años 2017 y 2023. Resultados. De un total de 82 documentos se excluyeron 40 al ser estudios secundarios. Posteriormente, se excluyeron 21 estudios adicionales debido a la escasa relación entre las variables del estudio y a su falta de disponibilidad. Finalmente, se seleccionaron 21 artículos que cumplieron con los criterios de evaluación de calidad metodológica mediante la escala CRF-QS. Para evaluar el dolor, la rigidez, la funcionalidad y la calidad de vida, se utilizaron escalas como EVA, NPRS, WOMAC y OXFORD. Los ejercicios isocinéticos resultaron ser los más efectivos, ya que demostraron un aumento de la fuerza y el grosor del cartílago articular, lo que resultó en una disminución de las puntuaciones de EVA de 8,05 a 3,75. Conclusión. El ejercicio terapéutico supervisado centrado en el fortalecimiento de las extremidades inferiores ha demostrado ser una alternativa efectiva para el tratamiento conservador de la artrosis de rodilla grado I. Este enfoque alivia eficazmente el dolor, mejora la calidad de vida e incluso puede detener la progresión de la enfermedad.

Grade 1 knee osteoarthritis is a common problem worldwide. Physiotherapy is presented as a promising alternative for the conservative treatment of this pathology, since it effectively reduces arthralgia. Aim. To describe the effectiveness of therapeutic exercises to relieve pain in grade I knee osteoarthritis. Methodology. This is a systematic review, which included an exhaustive search in several databases such as Pubmed, Scielo and Elsevier. Search criteria included randomized, experimental and quasi-experimental control trials conducted between the years 2017 and 2023. Results. Of a total of 82 documents, 40 were excluded as they were secondary studies. Subsequently, 21 additional studies were excluded due to poor relationships between study variables and lack of availability. Finally, 21 articles were selected that met the methodological quality evaluation criteria using the CRF-QS scale. To evaluate pain, stiffness, functionality and quality of life, scales such as VAS, NPRS, WOMAC and OXFORD were used. Isokinetic exercises were found to be the most effective, demonstrating an increase in articular cartilage strength and thickness, resulting in a decrease in VAS scores from 8.05 to 3.75. Conclusion. Supervised therapeutic exercise focused on strengthening the lower extremities has been shown to be an effective alternative to the conservative treatment of grade I knee osteoarthritis. This approach effectively relieves pain, improves quality of life, and may even stop the progression of osteoarthritis. disease.

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Culqui Gaibor, P. V., Figueredo Villa, K., & Bombón Chico, J. E. (2024). Ejercicio terapéutico en la disminución del dolor en pacientes con artrosis de rodilla grado 1: revisión sistemática. Revista Vive, 7(19), 207 –. https://doi.org/10.33996/revistavive.v7i19.296
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ARTÍCULO DE REVISIÓN
Biografía del autor/a

Paulina Verónica Culqui Gaibor, Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo. Riobamba, Ecuador

Licenciada en Ciencias de la salud en Terapia física y deportiva, Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo. Magister en fisioterapia y rehabilitación con Mención en Terapia Inclusiva e Integral, Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo, Ecuador.

Katiuska Figueredo Villa, Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo. Riobamba, Ecuador

Doctor en Ciencias de la Enfermería (PhD). Master en Atención Primaria de Salud. Licenciada en Enfermería. Profesor Titular de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de la Habana. Docente Investigadora en pregrado y posgrado. Directora de proyecto de investigación. Líder de grupo de investigación, Ecuador.

José Enrique Bombón Chico, Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo. Riobamba, Ecuador

Médico General, Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo. Magister en Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional con mención en Prevención de Riesgos Laborales, Universidad de los Hemisferios. Diplomado de Alta Especialización en Ecografía Doppler, Universidad Indoamerica. Maestrando en Gerencia Hospitalaria, Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo, Ecuador.

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