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Paola Alexandra Cárdenas Maldonado
Karina Fernanda Pucha Aguinsaca
Mariela de los Ángeles Cárdenas Coello

Los pacientes con enfermedades reumatológicas autoinmunes tienen mayor riesgo de infección por SARS-CoV-2 por factores propios de la enfermedad, así como los derivados por el tratamiento, con el desarrollo de vacunas se ha priorizado la inmunización en este grupo de pacientes, no obstante, la eficacia y seguridad de vacunas contra SARS-CoV-2 no se ha estudiado en esta población por su exclusión en los ensayos clínicos de fase II-III. Objetivo. analizar la eficacia y seguridad de vacunas contra SARS-CoV-2 en pacientes con enfermedades reumatológicas autoinmunes. Metodología. Se realizó una revisión sistemática, usando la declaración PRISMA, como criterios de búsqueda fueron considerados publicaciones portugués, inglés y español, relacionada con la eficacia y seguridad de vacunas contra SARS-CoV-2 durante los últimos 6 años. La búsqueda de artículos se desarrolló en las bases de datos como PubMed, Scopus y ScienceDirect publicados en idiomas inglés, portugués y español publicados durante los últimos 6 años hasta la actualidad. Resultados. Se encontraron 79 artículos, 27 en PubMed, en Google Scholar 52; la cantidad se redujo a 60, eliminando 19 por duplicidad, 27 por resumen de artículo, luego de un análisis exhaustivo del contenido de la información para así obtener un total de 8 artículos para el análisis del estudio. Conclusión. La eficacia de vacunas contra SARS-CoV-2 en pacientes con enfermedades reumatológicas se encuentra reducida, atribuida al uso de glucocorticoides y de terapias inmunosupresoras en las que se destaca rituximab, micofenolato de mofetilo y metotrexato, mientras que la seguridad basada en los efectos adversos es similar a los encontrados en la población general.

Patients with autoimmune rheumatologic diseases have a higher risk of infection by SARS-CoV-2 due to factors inherent to the disease, as well as those derived from treatment. With the development of vaccines, immunization has been prioritized in this group of patients; however, the efficacy and safety of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 has not been studied in this population due to their exclusion in phase II-III clinical trials. Objective. to analyze the efficacy and safety of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 in patients with autoimmune rheumatologic diseases. Methodology. A systematic review was performed, using the PRISMA statement, as search criteria were considered Portuguese, English and Spanish publications, related to the efficacy and safety of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 during the last 6 years. The search for articles was developed in databases such as PubMed, Scopus and ScienceDirect published in English, Portuguese and Spanish published during the last 6 years to date. Results. A total of 79 articles were found, 27 in PubMed, 52 in Google Scholar; the number was reduced to 60, eliminating 19 for duplicity, 27 for article ABSTRACT, after an exhaustive analysis of the content of the information to obtain a total of 8 articles for the analysis of the study. Conclusion. The efficacy of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 in patients with rheumatologic diseases is reduced, attributed to the use of glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive therapies in which rituximab, mycophenolate mofetil and methotrexate stand out, while safety based on adverse effects is similar to those found in the general population.

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Cárdenas Maldonado, P. A., Pucha Aguinsaca, K. F., & Cárdenas Coello, M. de los Ángeles. (2023). Eficacia y seguridad de vacunas contra SARS-CoV-2 en pacientes con enfermedades reumatológicas autoinmunes. Revista Vive, 6(17), 547–559. https://doi.org/10.33996/revistavive.v6i17.245
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Biografía del autor/a

Paola Alexandra Cárdenas Maldonado, Universidad Católica de Cuenca. Cuenca, Ecuador

Médico Interno, Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Ecuador.

Karina Fernanda Pucha Aguinsaca, Universidad Católica de Cuenca. Cuenca, Ecuador

Magister en Gerencia en Salud para el Desarrollo Local, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Ecuador. Especialista en Medicina Interna, Universidad Central del Ecuador. Especialista en Reumatología, Universidad de São Paulo, Brasil. Docente de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Católica de Cuenca. Miembro de la Sociedad Brasilera de Reumatología, Ecuador.

Mariela de los Ángeles Cárdenas Coello, Universidad Católica de Cuenca. Cuenca, Ecuador

Médico Interno, Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Ecuador.

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