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María Elizabeth Yuquilima Campoverde
Jorge Luis Yánez Castro
Víctor Xavier Yuquilima Campoverde

Se evidencia una gran cifra de casos de enfermedad por el contagio de COVID-19, llamando la atención la desnutrición que está asociada directamente con la exposición y estancia prolongada en Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, desencadenando a su paso un síndrome de mala alimentación o desnutrición por Sarcopenia. Objetivo. Detallar los beneficios de la nutrición enteral y parenteral en un cuadro de desnutrición en pacientes críticos con diagnóstico de COVID-19 en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, rescatando los beneficios en la evolución clínica del paciente en términos de mortalidad y estancia hospitalaria. Metodología. Se realizó un estudio de revisión sistemática sobre la nutrición enteral y parenteral en pacientes críticos con diagnóstico de COVID-19, con enfoque de búsqueda de información en la base de datos como: PubMed, Lilacs, Scielo, Scopus, Web of Science. La búsqueda comprendió desde el periodo 2020-2022. Conclusión. Los pacientes en estado crítico por infecciones de COVID-19 están ligados a un estado grave de inflamación que se asocian con una serie de procesos miopáticos agudos, precoces y agresivos que desencadenan un mayor consumo calórico- proteico, menor tolerancia a la terapia nutricional y por ende a la pérdida muscular. Se determinó con esta investigación que la nutrición enteral y parenteral en pacientes críticos con diagnóstico de COVID-19 desencadenan diversos beneficios de carácter clínico al mejorar la ingesta nutricional, menor infección nosocomial, menor mortalidad en unidad de cuidados intensivos y predisposición a la mejora funcional disminuyendo la estancia hospitalaria y mejorando la evolución clínica del paciente.

There is evidence of a large number of cases of disease due to COVID-19 infection, drawing attention to the malnutrition that is directly associated with exposure and prolonged stay in the Intensive Care Unit, triggering a syndrome of malnutrition or malnutrition due to sarcopenia. Objective. To detail the benefits of enteral and parenteral nutrition in a case of malnutrition in critically ill patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in the Intensive Care Unit, highlighting the benefits in the clinical evolution of the patient in terms of mortality and hospital stay. Methodology. A systematic review study was conducted on enteral and parenteral nutrition in critically ill patients with diagnosis of COVID-19, with an information search approach in databases such as: PubMed, Lilacs, Scielo, Scopus, Web of Science. The search covered the period 2020-2022. Conclusion. Critically ill patients with COVID-19 infections are linked to a severe state of inflammation associated with a series of acute, early and aggressive myopathic processes that trigger a higher caloric-protein consumption, lower tolerance to nutritional therapy and thus muscle loss. It was determined with this research that enteral and parenteral nutrition in critical patients diagnosed with COVID-19 trigger several clinical benefits by improving nutritional intake, lower nosocomial infection, lower mortality in the intensive care unit and predisposition to functional improvement, reducing hospital stay and improving the clinical evolution of the patient.

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Yuquilima Campoverde, M. E., Yánez Castro, J. L., & Yuquilima Campoverde, V. X. (2023). Terapia nutricional enteral y parenteral en pacientes con diagnóstico de COVID-19 en UCI. Revista Vive, 6(16), 275–285. https://doi.org/10.33996/revistavive.v6i16.225
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Biografía del autor/a

María Elizabeth Yuquilima Campoverde, Universidad Católica de Cuenca. Cuenca, Ecuador

Interna de Medicina, Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Ecuador.

Jorge Luis Yánez Castro, Universidad Católica de Cuenca. Cuenca, Ecuador

Médico, Universidad Católica de Cuenca. Especialista en Medicina Critica, Universidad Particular de Especialidades Espíritu Santo. Medico Intensivista, Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga. Profesor en la Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Ecuador.

Víctor Xavier Yuquilima Campoverde, Universidad Católica de Cuenca. Cuenca, Ecuador

Magister en Salud Ocupacional y Seguridad en el Trabajo, Universidad del Azuay. Ingeniero Industrial en Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Ecuador.

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