Proceso de atención de enfermería en el cuidado al paciente COVID-19
Nursing process of care in patient care COVID-19Contenido principal del artículo
El profesional de enfermería ha desempeñado un rol fundamental en el cuidado al paciente durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Las acciones de enfermería en el cuidado al paciente están sustentadas en el Proceso de Atención de Enfermero (PAE). Objetivo. Describir los parámetros de valoración, diagnósticos e intervenciones que los profesionales de enfermería aplicaron en sus procesos de atención al paciente diagnosticado con COVID-19. Materiales y método. Estudio de abordaje cuantitativo y descriptivo, la población estuvo constituida por 240 profesionales de enfermería que laboraron en servicios de atención al paciente COVID-19 en 4 hospitales públicos de la Zona 1 del Ecuador, se aplicó un cuestionario de 21 preguntas de tipo Likert. Resultados. La valoración al paciente se ejecutó mayoritariamente a través de las 14 Necesidades Básicas descritas por Henderson. Entre los diagnósticos más priorizados se encuentran patrón respiratorio ineficaz, deterioro del intercambio gaseoso y deterioro de la respiración espontánea. Las intervenciones más frecuentes fueron oxigenoterapia, ayuda a la ventilación y monitorización respiratoria, termorregulación y manejo de ventilación mecánica no invasiva, manejo de la vía aérea y monitorización de signos vitales. Conclusiones. Se concluye que la aplicación del proceso de atención de enfermería es fundamental en la práctica profesional, con la valoración integral, diagnósticos priorizados e intervenciones se contribuyó a mejorar y mantener el estado de salud de los pacientes. En este sentido es fundamental el fortalecimiento de esta metodología propia de la disciplina a través de su aplicación.
The nursing professional has played a fundamental role in patient care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nursing actions in patient care are supported by the Nursing Care Process (NCP). Objective. To describe the assessment parameters, diagnoses and interventions that nursing professionals applied in their processes of care for patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Materials and Method. A quantitative and descriptive study, the population consisted of 240 nursing professionals who worked in COVID-19 patient care services in 4 public hospitals in Zone 1 of Ecuador. A 21-question Likert-type questionnaire was applied. Results. Patient assessment was mainly carried out through the 14 Basic Needs described by Henderson. Among the most prioritized diagnoses were ineffective respiratory pattern, impaired gas exchange and impaired spontaneous breathing. The most frequent interventions were oxygen therapy, ventilator support and respiratory monitoring, thermoregulation and noninvasive mechanical ventilation management, airway management and vital signs monitoring. Conclusions. It is concluded that the application of the nursing care process is fundamental in professional practice, with comprehensive assessment, prioritized diagnoses and interventions that contributed to improving and maintaining the health status of patients. In this sense, it is essential to strengthen this methodology of the discipline through its application.
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