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Adriana Gabriela Condo Reyes
Luis Alberto Cervantes Anaya

El queratocono es una enfermedad asimétrica, no inflamatoria de origen multifactorial donde diversos factores se ven involucrados; entre los cuales destacan factores genéticos, biomoleculares y ambientales. No precisa causa única por lo cual su tratamiento es variable y depende directamente de la etapa de la enfermedad. Objetivo. El objetivo del artículo es describir las alternativas terapéuticas para el queratocono y los factores de riesgo asociado a la enfermedad. Metodología. Para el desarrollo de la investigación se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de la literatura científica relacionados a las alternativas terapéuticas del queratocono incluyendo estudios observacionales, experimentales analíticos descriptivos. Se utilizo la base de datos PubMed, y Google scholar cuyos documentos fueron publicados entre 2013 a 2022 en idioma español e inglés; se utilizaron los términos MESH y DeCs: “Terapéutica” “queratocono” “factores de riesgo”. Conclusión. En la actualidad existen numerosas alternativas terapéuticas, sin embargo, esta va a depender de la etapa de la enfermedad y el grado de afectación corneal. Los tratamientos van desde lentes de contacto hasta la cirugía de trasplante de la córnea. Se aconseja la cirugía lamelar como la mejor opción terapéutica y menores efectos secundarios, ya que, mostrando una rápida recuperación de la capacidad visual en comparación con las otras técnicas.

Keratoconus is an asymmetric, non-inflammatory disease of multifactorial origin where several factors are involved, among which genetic, biomolecular and environmental factors stand out. It does not have a single cause, so its treatment is variable and depends directly on the stage of the disease. Objective. The aim of this article is to describe the therapeutic alternatives for keratoconus and the risk factors associated with the disease. Methodology. For the development of the research, a bibliographic review of the scientific literature related to the therapeutic alternatives for keratoconus was carried out, including observational, experimental, analytical and descriptive studies. The PubMed database was used, and Google scholar whose documents were published between 2013 to 2022 in Spanish and English language; the terms MESH and DeCs: "Therapeutics" "keratoconus" "risk factors" were used. Conclusion. At present there are numerous therapeutic alternatives, however, this will depend on the stage of the disease and the degree of corneal involvement. Treatments range from contact lenses to corneal transplant surgery. Lamellar surgery is advised as the best therapeutic option and has the least side effects, showing a rapid recovery of visual ability compared to other techniques.

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Condo Reyes, A. G., & Cervantes Anaya, L. A. (2022). Alternativas terapéuticas del Queratocono. Revista Vive, 5(15), 841–851. https://doi.org/10.33996/revistavive.v5i15.192
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ARTÍCULO DE REVISIÓN
Biografía del autor/a

Adriana Gabriela Condo Reyes, Universidad Católica de Cuenca. Cuenca, Ecuador

Médico, Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Ecuador.

Luis Alberto Cervantes Anaya, Universidad Católica de Cuenca. Cuenca, Ecuador

Doctor en medicina en el Instituto Superior de Ciencias Médicas de Santiago de Suba. Especialista de primer grado en oftalmologia en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de la Habana, Ecuador.

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