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Mariel del Rocío Chotón Calvo
Gladys Bernardita León Montoya
María Esther Saavedra Chinchayán

Introducción: La agudeza visual constituye un indicador relevante del estado oftalmológico infantil y un factor relacionado con el desempeño educativo, debido a que las alteraciones visuales pueden afectar los procesos de aprendizaje y desarrollo escolar. Objetivo: Determinar los factores asociados a la agudeza visual en escolares de nivel primario de tres instituciones educativas de la Región Amazonas, Perú. Metodología: Se desarrolló una investigación con enfoque cuantitativo, diseño descriptivo, transversal y analítico. La muestra estuvo conformada por 658 escolares de 6 a 13 años. La evaluación visual se realizó mediante la cartilla de Snellen, siguiendo el protocolo del Ministerio de Salud. Los datos fueron procesados en SPSS versión 26 mediante pruebas estadísticas de normalidad, homogeneidad de varianzas y comparación de grupos. Resultados: Los resultados evidenciaron que el 54,16 % de los escolares presentó agudeza visual normal, mientras que el 45,84 % mostró algún grado de limitación visual, predominando la alteración leve (27,13 %). Se identificaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre instituciones educativas para el ojo derecho (p = 0,000) y el ojo izquierdo (p = 0,020). Los principales factores asociados fueron el sexo, grado de estudios y uso de correctores visuales. Conclusiones: La agudeza visual en escolares presenta variaciones significativas según la institución educativa y características sociodemográficas. Los hallazgos evidencian la necesidad de fortalecer programas de tamizaje visual escolar, detección temprana y seguimiento oftalmológico para favorecer el bienestar infantil y las condiciones de aprendizaje.

Introduction: Visual acuity is a critical indicator of pediatric ophthalmic health and a significant factor in academic performance, as visual impairments can hinder learning processes and school development. Objective: To determine the factors associated with visual acuity in primary school students from three educational institutions in the Amazonas Region, Peru. Methodology: A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional, and analytical study was conducted. The sample consisted of 658 schoolchildren aged 6 to 13 years. Visual assessment was performed using the Snellen chart, following the protocol established by the Ministry of Health. Data were processed using SPSS version 26, employing statistical tests for normality, homogeneity of variance, and group comparisons. Results: Findings revealed that 54.16% of the students had normal visual acuity, while 45.84% exhibited some degree of visual impairment, with mild impairment being the most prevalent (27.13%). Statistically significant differences were identified between educational institutions for both the right eye (p = 0.000) and the left eye (p = 0.020). The primary associated factors were sex, grade level, and the use of corrective lenses. Conclusions: Visual acuity in schoolchildren shows significant variations depending on the educational institution and sociodemographic characteristics. These findings highlight the urgent need to strengthen school-based visual screening programs, early detection, and ophthalmological follow-up to enhance child well-being and learning conditions.

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Chotón Calvo M del R, León Montoya GB, Saavedra Chinchayán ME. Factores asociados a la agudeza visual en escolares de tres instituciones educativas en Amazonas, Perú. Vive Revista de Investigación en Salud. 2026;9(26):1-14. https://doi.org/10.33996/revistavive.v9i26.513
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