Uso de inteligencia artificial generativa, conocimiento nutricional y comportamientos alimentarios en estudiantes universitarios peruanos
Generative Artificial Intelligence Use, Nutrition Knowledge, and Eating Behaviors among Peruvian University StudentsContenido principal del artículo
Introducción: la inteligencia artificial generativa es una fuente de consulta sobre alimentación entre estudiantes universitarios, aunque la evidencia sobre su relación con el conocimiento nutricional y las prácticas alimentarias en el Perú resulta escasa. Objetivo: examinar la asociación entre el uso de inteligencia artificial generativa con fines nutricionales, el conocimiento nutricional y los comportamientos alimentarios en estudiantes de tres universidades peruanas. Materiales y métodos: estudio observacional, analítico, transversal y multicéntrico con una muestra de 450 estudiantes. El instrumento digital evaluó frecuencia, finalidad, confianza y contraste de información de inteligencia artificial generativa; el conocimiento nutricional mediante un cuestionario validado; y cinco comportamientos alimentarios autoinformados. El análisis estadístico comprendió medidas descriptivas, análisis de varianza, chi-cuadrado, regresión lineal múltiple y regresión de Poisson con varianza robusta. Resultados: el 70.00 % utilizó la inteligencia artificial generativa con fines nutricionales y el 36.00 % con frecuencia semanal o diaria. El puntaje medio de conocimiento fue 74.60±8.80 puntos. El uso regular se asoció con mayor conocimiento (β=8.65; intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95 %: 6.75-10.54), mayor lectura habitual de etiquetas (razón de prevalencia ajustada [RPa]=1.51; IC del 95 %: 1.23-1.86), menor consumo frecuente de bebidas azucaradas (RPa=0.66; IC del 95 %: 0.48-0.89) y mayor índice de comportamiento favorable (β=0.80; IC del 95 %: 0.53-1.07). Conclusiones: el uso regular de la inteligencia artificial generativa se asoció con mayor conocimiento nutricional y con prácticas alimentarias favorables selectivas, resultados útiles para la educación nutricional universitaria, sin que el diseño transversal permita establecer relaciones causales.
Introduction: Generative artificial intelligence serves as a source of information on nutrition among university students, although evidence regarding its relationship with nutritional knowledge and dietary practices in Peru is scarce. Objective: To examine the association between the use of generative artificial intelligence for nutritional purposes, nutritional knowledge, and dietary behaviors among students from three Peruvian universities. Materials and methods: An observational, analytical, cross-sectional, multicenter study was conducted with a sample of 450 students. A digital instrument assessed the frequency, purpose, trust, and verification of information obtained from generative artificial intelligence; nutritional knowledge was measured using a validated questionnaire; and five self-reported dietary behaviors were evaluated. Statistical analysis included descriptive measures, analysis of variance (ANOVA), chi-square tests, multiple linear regression, and Poisson regression with robust variance. Results: 70.00% of students used generative artificial intelligence for nutritional purposes, with 36.00% using it on a weekly or daily basis. The mean knowledge score was 74.60 ± 8.80 points. Regular use was associated with higher knowledge (β=8.65; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.75-10.54), more frequent label reading (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR]=1.51; 95% CI: 1.23-1.86), lower frequent consumption of sugary beverages (aPR=0.66; 95% CI: 0.48-0.89), and a higher favorable behavior index (β=0.80; 95% CI: 0.53-1.07). Conclusions: Regular use of generative artificial intelligence was associated with greater nutritional knowledge and specific favorable dietary practices-findings useful for university-level nutrition education-although the cross-sectional design precludes establishing causal relationships.
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