Nivel de conocimiento y prácticas preventivas de tuberculosis en trabajadores de una empresa gastronómica
Level of tuberculosis knowledge and preventive practices among workers in a food service companyContenido principal del artículo
Introducción: La tuberculosis constituye un problema de salud pública que requiere fortalecer el conocimiento y las prácticas preventivas en los espacios laborales. Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre el nivel de conocimiento y las prácticas preventivas frente a la tuberculosis en trabajadores de una empresa gastronómica de Lima, Perú. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, observacional, no experimental, transversal y correlacional, con participación censal de 50 trabajadores durante 2022. Se aplicaron dos cuestionarios validados, uno de 17 ítems para medir conocimiento y otro de 10 ítems para evaluar prácticas preventivas. La confiabilidad del instrumento de conocimiento fue de 0,737 mediante alfa de Cronbach. Se empleó estadística descriptiva y correlación Rho de Spearman, con significancia de 0,05. Resultados: El 80,0 % presentó conocimiento alto y el 66,0 % prácticas preventivas saludables. Se encontró correlación positiva moderada entre conocimiento y prácticas preventivas (Rho = 0,644; p < 0,001), así como entre conocimiento y estilos de vida (Rho = 0,682; p < 0,001). No se encontró relación significativa con responsabilidad en salud (Rho = 0,103; p = 0,478). Conclusión: Un mayor conocimiento se relacionó con mejores prácticas preventivas, sin establecer causalidad debido al diseño transversal.
Introduction: Tuberculosis remains a public health concern that requires strengthening knowledge and preventive practices in occupational settings. Objective: To determine the relationship between tuberculosis knowledge and preventive practices among workers of a food service company in Lima, Peru. Methodology: A quantitative, observational, non-experimental, cross-sectional, correlational study was conducted with 50 workers in 2022. Two validated questionnaires were administered: a 17-item instrument assessing knowledge and a 10-item instrument evaluating preventive practices. The knowledge instrument showed a Cronbach's alpha of 0.737. Descriptive statistics and Spearman's rank correlation were used, with a significance level of 0.05. Results: High knowledge was observed in 80.0% of workers, while 66.0% reported healthy preventive practices. A moderate positive correlation was found between knowledge and preventive practices (Rho = 0.644; p < 0.001) and between knowledge and lifestyle (Rho = 0.682; p < 0.001). No significant relationship was found with health responsibility (Rho = 0.103; p = 0.478). Conclusion: Higher knowledge was associated with better preventive practices; however, causality cannot be established due to the cross-sectional design.
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