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Simón Quispe-Quispe
Luisa Valentina Hurtado López

Introducción: La infección por VIH sigue siendo un desafío mundial con 39 millones de personas afectadas. En América Latina y Bolivia persisten altas tasas de diagnóstico tardío, baja adherencia terapéutica y escasez de información clínica sistematizada. Objetivo: Describir y analizar el perfil inmunológico y epidemiológico de nuevos casos de VIH en el Instituto Nacional de Laboratorios de Salud (INLASA) de La Paz, 2016–2020. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional retrospectivo analítico con 1.149 pacientes con diagnóstico confirmado en base al algoritmo de diagnóstico vigente. Se analizaron variables sociodemográficas, inmunológicas (CD4, CD8, índice CD4/CD8) y virológicas (carga viral), aplicando estadísticas descriptivas y bivariadas con p<0,05. Resultados: La media de edad fue 32,16 años, 51,7% entre 15–29 años y 66,6% varones. La transmisión sexual representó 97,3% de los casos, predominando la vía heterosexual (70,9%). El 39,3% presentó CD4<200 células/mL, 48% entre 200–499 y 10,6% ≥500. El 95,7% tuvo carga viral detectable. Hubo asociación significativa entre sexo y estado civil (χ²=91,5; p<0,001) y entre sexo y categoría de CD4 (χ²=11,8; p=0,003). Los hombres tuvieron mayor proporción de CD4<200 (45% vs. 30% en mujeres) y menor mediana de CD4 (198 vs. 279 células/mL; p<0,001). No hubo diferencias significativas en carga viral por sexo (p=0,37). El índice CD4/CD8 estuvo invertido en la mayoría. Conclusiones: La mayoría de los pacientes fueron diagnosticados en fases avanzadas, especialmente varones jóvenes, lo que exige fortalecer el diagnóstico precoz focalizado y estrategias preventivas para alcanzar las metas 95-95-95 de ONUSIDA.

Introduction: HIV infection remains a global challenge, with 39 million people affected. In Latin America and Bolivia, high rates of late diagnosis, low therapeutic adherence, and limited systematized clinical information persist. Objective: To describe and analyze the immunological and epidemiological profile of new HIV cases at the National Institute of Health Laboratories (INLASA) in La Paz, 2016–2020. Materials and Methods: Analytical retrospective observational study including 1,149 patients with confirmed diagnosis based on the current diagnostic algorithm. Sociodemographic, immunological (CD4, CD8, CD4/CD8 ratio), and virological (viral load) variables were analyzed using descriptive and bivariate statistics with p<0.05. Results: The mean age was 32.16 years; 51.7% were between 15–29 years, and 66.6% were male. Sexual transmission accounted for 97.3% of cases, predominantly heterosexual (70.9%). CD4 counts were <200 cells/mL in 39.3%, between 200–499 in 48%, and ≥500 in 10.6%. Detectable viral load was found in 95.7% of cases. A significant association was observed between sex and marital status (χ²=91.5; p<0.001), and between sex and CD4 category (χ²=11.8; p=0.003). Men had a higher proportion of CD4<200 (45% vs. 30% in women) and a lower median CD4 count (198 vs. 279 cells/mL; p<0.001). No significant differences in viral load by sex were found (p=0.37). The CD4/CD8 ratio was inverted in most patients. Conclusions: Most patients were diagnosed at advanced stages, particularly young men, underscoring the need to strengthen targeted early diagnosis and preventive strategies to achieve the UNAIDS 95-95-95 targets.

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Quispe-Quispe, S. ., & Hurtado López, L. V. (2026). Perfil inmunológico y epidemiológico de nuevos casos de VIH en La Paz, 2016–2020. Revista Vive, 9(25), 281–295. https://doi.org/10.33996/revistavive.v9i25.472
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