Revista Vive

Knowledge and attitudes about HIV/AIDS among rural adolescents in Cañar, Ecuador

2025-08-28T23:44:08+00:00

Introduction: HIV/AIDS is a critical public health problem, with a particular impact on adolescents in rural areas, who face barriers to accessing health information and services, thereby increasing their vulnerability. Objectives: To describe knowledge and attitudes regarding prevention methods, transmission routes, information strategies and HIV/AIDS risk perception among rural adolescents Materials and methods: Cross-sectional analytical study of 151 adolescents aged 12 to 19 years in a rural community in Cañar, Ecuador, using the validated KARP-HIV/AIDS questionnaire and descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. Results: Only 50.0% had correct knowledge about HIV/AIDS, while 25.4% held misconceptions, considering physical contact as a means of transmission. Furthermore, 81.5% expressed confidence in their partner as a preventive method, 58.3% preferred to receive information from health professionals, 62.3% showed empathy towards people living with HIV/AIDS, and 35.1% did not perceive a personal risk of acquiring the infection. Discussion: The findings reveal significant gaps in knowledge, with concerning misconceptions about transmission and prevention methods. Conclusions: The findings reflect the urgent need to implement culturally adapted educational programs that correct misconceptions, strengthen preventive attitudes, and improve risk perception among rural adolescents, who are considered a highly vulnerable population for HIV/AIDS.

Clinical process management as a theoretical model for psychosocial well-being in hospital physicians

2025-08-28T23:57:17+00:00

Latin American public hospitals face significant crisis in medical staff psychosocial well-being, evidenced by 62% of Ecuadorian physicians considering their workload unmanageable. Objective: To analyze the theoretical-conceptual framework of clinical process management for psychosocial risk reduction in hospital physicians. Method: Conceptual theoretical review through systematic documentary analysis of 57 scientific references specialized in health management and medical occupational well-being, published 2015-2025. Four theoretical foundations were identified: Theory of Diagnostic Uncertainty Reduction, Theory of Specific Cognitive Load, Theory of Equitable Distribution of Care Load, and Theory of Medical Professional Self-Efficacy. Results: Clinical process management is articulated through four strategies with sixteen operational components. Four causal mechanisms were identified: clinical standardization reduces diagnostic uncertainty, flow optimization decreases cognitive load, balanced management prevents overload, and quality-safety systems improve professional self-efficacy. Discussion: Theories converge demonstrating that physicians face differentiated psychosocial challenges requiring specific interventions. Conclusion: Clinical process management constitutes scientifically-based systemic intervention transcending generic administrative approaches, requiring specific conceptual frameworks for hospital medical staff.

Gross motor development in CHD8 mutation: case report of a girl with intellectual developmental disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and macrocephaly

2025-09-23T15:17:35+00:00

This case report describes the gross motor development of a 17-month-old girl diagnosed with an intellectual developmental disorder, autism, and macrocephaly, associated with a mutation in the CHD8 gene. Assessment using the Psychomotor Developmental Assessment Scale revealed psychomotor delay. In motor areas, she walked with hand support; in language and social skills, she was able to respond to verbal requests; and in coordination, she brought her hands together along the midline. These results indicate a base age of 9 months.

Factors associated with obstetric complications before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: Analysis in a referral hospital in Cajamarca

2025-09-23T15:24:48+00:00

The research aimed to establish an association between sociodemographic, obstetric and clinical factors with obstetric complications during pregnancy, delivery and puerperium before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in patients attended at the Regional Teaching Hospital of Cajamarca, 2019 - 2020. Materials and methods: quantitative study of non-experimental design, cross-sectional, correlational, retrospective. Two hundred medical records were analyzed. Results: in 2019, the most frequent complication during pregnancy was hypertensive diseases, which increased in 2020. During delivery, the most frequent complications were vulvo-perineal tears, uterine hypoactivity and hypertensive disorders. During the puerperium, postpartum hemorrhage increased from 10% in 2019 to 16% in 2020, and the most frequent complications were retained placenta, chorioamnionitis, and maternal sepsis. Factors significantly associated with obstetric complications (p < 0.005) in 2019 were maternal age, type of delivery, presentation dystocia, urinary tract infection, anemia, and gestational diabetes. In 2020, provenance, marital status, hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, preterm delivery, cephalo-pelvic dystocia, and obesity were added. Conclusion: Obstetric complications increased during the pandemic, with higher incidence of hypertensive disorders, postpartum hemorrhage and maternal sepsis. There was a significant association between complications with sociodemographic, obstetric and clinical factors, highlighting the need to strengthen maternal care through rigorous prenatal follow-up, early detection of risk factors and optimization of perinatal management.

Sociodemographic and clinical profile of cancer patients in Cajamarca, Peru: 2020-2024

2025-09-23T15:34:13+00:00

Cancer is a public health problem in Peru, with high mortality due to late diagnosis. Objective: To describe the sociodemographic and clinical profile of cancer patients at Hospital II EsSalud Cajamarca, 2020–2024. Materials and methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted based on the review of 464 clinical records. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were analyzed. Results: A peak of 142 cases was observed in 2023. The majority were housewives (44.2%) and farmers (19.0%), with a low educational level (primary 30.6%, secondary 25.6%). 85.3% came from the province of Cajamarca. The most frequent cancers were breast (15.5%), prostate (11.6%), colorectal (8.0%), and cervical (8.0%). Conclusions: Cancer affects vulnerable populations with limited access to preventive services. Prevention and detection strategies adapted to the region are required.

Social determinants and their influence on anemia in children under 5 years of age in urban slums of Puno, 2024

2025-09-23T15:46:44+00:00

Childhood anemia is a critical public health problem in Puno, Peru, with significant impacts on children's physical and cognitive development. This study aimed to analyze the social determinants and their relationship with the incidence of anemia in children under 5 years of age in marginal urban areas of the city. Materials and Methods: A mixed-method study was developed, combining a longitudinal quasi-experimental design (2019-2024) and a cross-sectional analysis in a sample of 120 children. Biochemical, anthropometric, and socioeconomic data were collected through questionnaires administered to parents. Nutritional status was assessed using height-for-age and weight-for-height indicators, and Spearman's correlation analysis was applied to determine associations between social determinants and child nutrition. Results: The total prevalence of anemia was 80.7%, predominantly moderate (54.7%). A double burden of malnutrition was evident: chronic malnutrition (height/age < -2 SD) in 40.7% and acute malnutrition (weight/height < -2 SD) in 23.3%. A positive and significant association was found between social determinants (education and family economy) and nutritional status (rho = 0.350; p = 0.002). In addition, the deterioration in height/age worsened with age (p = 0.035), indicating cumulative damage. Although average hemoglobin levels improved slightly from 5.8 g/dL in 2019 to 7.2 g/dL in 2024, they remain insufficient. Conclusions: Social determinants are key factors in the persistence of childhood anemia. Targeted interventions are insufficient, highlighting the urgent need for a comprehensive multisectoral approach to mitigate this structural problem in marginal urban areas of Puno.

Strengthening cognitive skills in older adults

2025-09-23T15:59:13+00:00

Aging is characterized by irreversible biological changes that include cognitive transformations. Objectives: To propose strategies for strengthening cognitive skills in older adults at the Santo Domingo de Cantumarca Productive Rehabilitation Center. Methods: Mixed propositional and descriptive study with 22 male older adults deprived of liberty. Direct non-participant observation, semi-structured interviews, Clock Test, Raven's Progressive Matrices, ACE-R-CH and Senior Apperception Technique were employed. Results: Results showed significant cognitive deterioration in 54.5% of participants according to the Clock Test. Raven's Matrices showed generalized diminished intellectual capacity. The ACE-R-CH confirmed variability in cognitive functioning with scores from severe deterioration (7 points) to normal functioning (28 points). Discussion: Deterioration is influenced by factors of age, confinement, lack of social interaction and limited family support, exacerbating the natural cognitive decline of aging. Conclusions: Implementation of psychological strategies based on cognitive approach is imperative to promote autonomy, emotional well-being and quality of life in this vulnerable population.

Jaundice and Oxytocin According to Clinical, Maternal, and Neonatal Factors. Correlational Design

2025-09-23T16:04:50+00:00

Introduction: Neonatal jaundice is a common cause of hospitalization, affecting approximately 59% of full-term newborns in the Neonatology Service of the National Maternal and Perinatal Institute, Lima, Peru. Therefore, it is a priority issue in Peru. Objective: To determine the validity of regression models compared to neural network models to evaluate the relationship between oxytocin use and the presence of jaundice in newborns. Materials and methods: This study is a quantitative, observational, cross-sectional, and retrospective approach, using a case-control design. The sample consisted of 22 newborns from the National Maternal and Perinatal Institute during 2020. A bivariate analysis was performed between oxytocin use, neonatal jaundice, and independent variables for pregnant women and newborns. Results: There was no relationship between sex and neonatal jaundice (p=0.566). A significant association was found between oxytocin use and neonatal jaundice (p=0.050) at the 90% confidence level, representing a risk of OR=10.52 (95% CI: 1.52-72.8). This is consistent with the validity of the Hosmer-Lemeshow model (chi²=9.73, p=0.284, and null pseudo R²). Furthermore, the model classifies jaundice cases with an overall percentage of 66.3%, considering maternal age. Conclusions: Birth weight and oxytocin use are considered risk factors for the development of neonatal jaundice. The prevalence curve predicts that for mothers over 40 years of age, the probability of neonatal jaundice is greater than 34%.

Flexural strength of self-curing bis-acrylic resins: in-vitro study

2025-09-24T02:39:39+00:00

This study compares the flexural strength of three self-curing bis-acrylic resins, evaluating their performance before and after undergoing thermocycling. Objective: To compare the flexural strength of three self-curing bis-acrylic resins before and after thermocycling. Methods: Ninety specimens of 25×2×2mm were equally divided into three groups: Protemp 4 (3M), PrimmaArt (FGM), and Yprov Bisacryl (Yller). Samples were fabricated using auto-mix dispensing systems in metallic molds, polished with silicon carbide, and randomly divided: 15 specimens per group underwent direct flexural testing, while another 15 were exposed to 5000 thermal cycles (5-55°C/35s) before evaluation. Three-point bending tests were performed using a universal testing machine at 1.0mm/min. Statistical analysis employed Shapiro-Wilk, t-Student, and ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc (?=0.05). Results: Before thermocycling, all groups exceeded 80MPa: PrimmaArt (148.17±1.92MPa), Protemp (140.55±2.80MPa), and Yprov (84.73±2.01MPa), showing significant differences between groups (p<0.0001). Post-thermocycling, resistance decreased significantly in all groups (p<0.0001): PrimmaArt (94.09±3.04MPa), Protemp (85.36±2.20MPa), and Yprov (43.43±2.28MPa). Conclusion: Thermocycling significantly reduced flexural strength of all evaluated bis-acrylic resins. PrimmaArt demonstrated superior resistance before and after artificial aging, while Yprov presented substandard post-thermocycling values.

Clinical and sociodemographic overview of cancer cases treated at the Cajamarca Regional Teaching Hospital in 2023

2025-09-24T15:55:30+00:00

Cancer represents a significant public health problem in Peru, with incidence and characteristics influenced by sociodemographic and structural factors. Objective: To describe the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients with a diagnosis of cancer treated at the Regional Teaching Hospital of Cajamarca during the year 2023. Materials and methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study based on the analysis of 411 clinical records of cancer patients, collected from the institutional database. Variables such as type of cancer, age, sex, education and occupation were evaluated. Results: Of the total number of patients, 55.5% were women, with gynecologic (29.7%), digestive (19.7%) and skin (12.4%) cancers being the most frequent. The highest concentration of cases was between 60 and 79 years of age. The 68.1% had at most primary education or no education, and most were housewives (59.37%) or farmers (18.98%). Cajamarca was the province with the highest number of cases (210; 52.2%), followed by San Marcos, Celandine and Hualgayoc. Conclusion: The high burden of gynecologic and digestive cancer is associated with structural factors such as low educational level, rural occupations and limited accessibility to health services. An unequal geographic distribution and a higher burden in older women were evidenced, which requires more effective preventive, educational and territorial approaches.

Impact of socioeconomic factors on academic stress among social work students, UNA Puno 2024

2025-09-24T16:09:36+00:00

The study on the incidence of socioeconomic factors in academic stress among students of the Professional School of Social Work at the National University of the Altiplano of Puno in 2024. Objective: to determine the relationship of these factors with the level of academic stress. Materials and Methods: it was conducted under a quantitative approach, with a hypothetical-deductive method, basic theoretical type, explanatory scope, and non-experimental cross-sectional design; the population consisted of 283 students from the first to the fifth cycle, and the stratified sample included 163 participants. Data collection was carried out through a validated questionnaire survey, and data processing employed Spearman’s Rho statistical test and the multiple linear regression model in STATA. Results: socioeconomic factors significantly affected academic stress (p = 0.000; R² = 0.98), explaining 97.99% of its variability. In particular, social factors (Rho = -0.776) and economic factors (Rho = -0.999) showed strong and significant negative correlations, indicating that lack of social support and economic limitations markedly increase the frequency of academic stress. Conclusions: it is concluded that socioeconomic factors have a decisive impact on the presence of academic stress among students, with economic and social aspects exerting the greatest influence. These findings highlight the need to design university policies and support programs that strengthen students’ socioeconomic conditions to mitigate the effects of stress on academic performance.

Comparison of maternal and neonatal outcomes in vertical and horizontal births in a Peruvian hospital

2025-09-24T16:24:46+00:00

The management of position during labor directly influences the maternal experience and obstetric outcomes. Objective: To compare the incidence of maternal and neonatal adverse outcomes between women who delivered in vertical versus horizontal birthing positions at the National Maternal Perinatal Institute. Methods: Analytical, observational, retrospective cohort study. A total of 304 women with singleton, term, vaginal deliveries between September and November 2022 were included, categorized into vertical (n=130) and horizontal (n=174) birth groups. Bivariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression were used to compare outcomes. Results: Women in the vertical birth group had a significantly lower rate of severe perineal tears (1,5% vs. 5,2%, p=0,041) and shorter duration of the second stage of labor (45,2 vs. 58,9 minutes, p<0,001). After adjustment, vertical position remained an independent protective factor against severe tears (Adjusted OR 0,28; 95% CI 0,09-0,89). No significant differences were observed in postpartum hemorrhage or neonatal adverse outcomes. Conclusion: In our cohort, vertical position was associated with more favorable maternal perineal outcomes, supporting its promotion as a safe option in clinical practice.